Healthy Grief Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Healthy Grief - Essay Example son when faced with pain, still lengthened or severe grief may impose negative effects on a person’s health and may also result in some serious issues. As humans we have the ability of building strong affections, attachments and relationships with others. The breaking of these bonds may result in strong emotion reaction. It is the responsibility of the health care professionals to understand in depth the process of grievance and also provide support to the people undergoing this process and work toward bringing such people back to the normal life. This paper takes into account the comparison between the grief process defined by the writer Elizabeth Kubler-Ross and also the relationship that exists between grief process and joy. Finally the paper ends with defining one’s own method of handling grievance and how my experience has helped me to change my view about it. There are five stages of grief that has been outlined by Elizabeth Kubler-Ross which are anger, bargaining, depression, denial and finally acceptance. Kubler-Ross also explains the fact that not every stage is experienced by every person nor do they experience the discuss stages in the same order. The grievance model presented by the Kubler-Ross is considered effective for the purpose of understanding and also dealing with grief. It is also being used in Europe and United Sates from the medical point of view. However there is no doubt about the fact that the whole coping with grief mechanism can be linked to religion and most significantly with faith. The model present by Kubler-Ross effectively explains the psychological and the technical basis of grievance. However, it fails to explain that why some religions and cultures approach grief in their own different and unique ways. For example in the Holy Bible we see that several times the prophets as well as the apostles have turn to God blaming Him, questioning Him and even bargaining with God out of desperation and despair. The Tibetan Buddhists

The length and width Essay Example for Free

The length and width Essay This is due to the electron s for a long distance than before. Thus we say the resistance increases. When the width of the wire increases, the hindrance for the flow of electrons increases. Because the space through which electrons flow increases. Thus we say that the resistance decreases Preliminary Width of the wire ( mm) Length of wire (mm) Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance ( ? ). From this preliminary experiment I will increase the length of the wire up to 30cm in order to get the reliable results. The reason why I chose the thin wire is because to get a high resistance and therefore it is easy to measure. I have used three different widths because I want to find out width gives the best results. To get precise measurement I will measure the value of the current and voltage up to two decimal places. Obtaining evidence This is how the set up of my apparatus looks like. First I join everything together and check if everything is in the right place. Then I adjust the 30cm length of wire to the length of 5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm and 25cm, with the help of the crocodile clip. After that I change the resistance by means of the variable resister to get an accurate measurement /result of the current and voltage for each length. Actual experiment Width of the wire ( mm) Length of wire (mm) Voltage (V) Current (A) Resistance ( ? ) Safety When the experiment has been started the wire becomes hot. The safety here is to put the things (e. g. paper, books, exercise books etc. which are inflammable) to a side, so that it cannot come into contact with the wire. After finishing the experiment turn the current off. Length (cm) Average Resistance   I can use the results not with 100% certainty; I can rely only on 60%. This is in regard to change in resistance caused by the charge on the length of the wire. This is in regard to the change in resistance caused by the change in length of the wire. As far as concerning the change in resistance due to change the width of the wire are anomalous. Analysis My experiment shows longer the wire higher the resistance. That is, when the length of the wire increases, resistance increases. Resistance is directly proportional to the length of the wire. Resistance of wire ? length of the wire Resistance = k x length Observation K Constant First 0. 21/5 0. 04 Second 0. 45/10 0. 04 Third 0. 58/15 0. 04 Fourth 0. 87/20 0. 04 Fifth 0. 95/25 0. 04 From the above table, this numerical calculations shows that the resistance is directly proportional to the length of the wire. If I double the length of the wire, the resistance also get doubled as a result. My experiment ,in respect of the conductor with the length of 15cm, shows that the current flow is directly proportional to the potential difference. The voltage ? current In respect of other length of the conductors (5cm, 10cm, 15cm, 20cm and 25cm) there is a variation in the second decimal of the constant figure. These discrepancies may be due to the slight changes of the external temperature of the conductor when current passes through the conductors. It may be also due to the reading of the ammeter and voltmeter by the eye. Evaluation My results are reasonably good as far as concerning the change of resistance due to the change in length of the conductor. My results are fairly good as far as concerning the Ohms law. That is, the current passes through the conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across the conductor provided the temperature remains constant. My results were not at all good as far as concerning changes of the resistance due to changes in the width of the conductor. My graph which shows the resistance and length of the conductor is a straight line which passes through the origin and 3 points. Two points stays out of the line. For the variation of the resistant, I could not draw one line on one graph and I have drawn 5 lines on one graph. I could not draw my conclusion on the graph because the variations of the width are not great enough to produce significant variation in the resistance. Only 2 points fell on the line and the third one slipped out. If the straight line passes through 3 points on the graph we can depend on the reliability (length against resistance graph). In contrast in the width against resistance graph, only 2 points falls on the straight line. Therefore I cannot depend on the reliability. This anomaly is due to the fact that the wires which I have chosen are not considerably vary in thickness (width). Another way of doing that is to take reading using the constantan wire and then the second reading connecting 2 wires as shown in the prediction and keep on doing this for 3, 4 wires. The anomalous points on the graph (2 points) may be due to the crocodile clips which were not properly attached. There may be lack of specification in observing the ammeter and voltmeter with the eye. There may be fluctuation in the external and in the internal temperature of the conductor. I can use a conductor made of nichrome which is an alloy of 60% nickel, 24% iron and 16% chromium. Accurate laboratory standard are made from a coil of resistance wire inside a protective plastic case. 1 Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of work is one of many that can be found in our GCSE Electricity and Magnetism section.

Airport Tracking Device for Blind and Partially Sighted

Airport Tracking Device for Blind and Partially Sighted Expanding ambient technologies for blind and partially sighted people has rapidly grown over the last few years, enabling people to become more independent in their daily lives. Ambient intelligence is already becoming commonplace in the environment through the widespread use of computing, mobile devices, and information appliances, thereby increasing the ease of communication â€Å"between individuals, between individuals and things, and between things.†[1] A new ICT device has been developed that will help those with impaired or no sight safely navigate through airports. This report will explain some of the technology that will go into this device and how it will work in terms of providing directional assistance in a place like an airport where one’s surroundings are not familiar and confusion is easy when there is a lot of noise and movement. Understanding Ambient Technologies The field of ambient technologies focuses on providing â€Å"greater user-friendliness, more efficient services support, user empowerment, and support for human interactions.†[2] In this way, the devices that come from the use of this technology will offer for â€Å"opportunities for social integration and independent living for elderly people and people who are disabled.†[3] Interestingly enough, this technology may also advance in terms of being able to tune into any cognitive limitations and the devices incorporating ambient technology can then adjust themselves to that person’s specific abilities and limitations.[4] This emerging type of technology is supporting a new way for human beings and technology to interact so that â€Å"devices will no longer be perceived as computers, but rather as augmented elements of the physical environment.†[5] The movement to an information-based society will â€Å"be populated by a multitude of hand-held and wearable micro-devices and computational power and interaction peripherals.†[6] This provides a host of opportunities for many people who might not have been able to be as interactive with their environment due to some physical disability. Complexity and Challenges Ambient technologies still has a long way to go in terms of reaching its objectives. There are a number of overriding challenges to this emerging technology. Generally, it is perceived that ambient technologies must be â€Å"reliable, continuously available in space and time, consistent in its functionalities and interaction in private and (crowded and potentially hazardous) public spaces.†[7] In 2005, IBM researchers identified a number of areas that would need to be addressed before ambient technologies could achieve some of the aforementioned benefits. These challenges include â€Å"the distribution of interaction over devices and modalities, the balance between automation and adaption and direct control, the identification of contextual dependencies among services, health and safety issues, privacy and security, and social interaction in ambient intelligence environments.†[8] A number of other challenges are present that must address the unique qualities of each user of the device, including their â€Å"abilities, needs, requirements, and preferences.†[9] The complexity and challenge of designing a device that can be used for an airport is extensive. The device must take a lot of external factors into consideration, including noise, language barriers, security, and communications interference. It is hoped that improvements in voice synthesis and recognition will help in noisy environments as well as assist those who might not be able to use keyboards or other object manipulation inputs.[10] Additional enhancements will be needed to incorporate the development of an automatic language translation component,[11] which would be imperative in certain situations like an international airport or for during international travel. A further challenge is to introduce this device into existing information system environment within airport and have it integrate with any number of different system environments. Currently, there is no standardised operating system across global environments. In terms of a device that would be helpful in an airport, there would need to be the â€Å"deployment of networks of sensors in closed spaces† that would help with GPS localisation capabilities.[12] Universal access is also a critical issue and challenge because it is vital that these types of devices be affordable and available to all who might need it to compensate for their physical limitations. Device Capabilities and Benefits The user of the device can configure it so that the device understands the user’s specific requirements related to their physical disability of blindness. Having this capability will allow the user to make appropriate decisions, feel more confident, and achieve greater independence and social interaction.[13] This is done through a voice recognition system, which is considered a user adaptive interface that allows the user to interact with the device so that it can also verbally navigate the user in the right direction.[14] The device is then used as if it was an electronic guide dog that can help the person by letting them know about â€Å"nonfamiliar physical obstacles†[15] as well as provide the proper directions on how to get to the right destination. This device would also interact with other ambient technologies that may incorporate other user adaptive interfaces, such as scent recognition and output and tactile recognition and output[16] that can be used to fulfi l other personal needs usually done with one’s physical eyes. The device is able to overcome some of those external factors found in an airport. It will be a micro-device that the user can conveniently wear in some fashion around their neck or wrist so that they can continue to carry their luggage or belongings but still be guided by a device that can work with an airport information system to guide them through the airport to their appropriate gate or other destination whilst navigating certain objects that are not visible to the sight-impaired person, such as people, baggage, and signs.[17] The device can integrate multimedia content, including sound and graphics[18] to help those with partial or no sight find their way, with interactive sensorial and motor abilities[19] which allows the device to interact with the travellers as if they were getting help from another human being. In other words, partially sighted or blind travellers will be able to ask the device questions and receive a response that will help them navigate through the airport. It is important that the user interface on this device be as â€Å"straightforward and meaningful without the user being overwhelmed by options and menus.†[20] To address the various information system environments in airports, an environmental-level adaption can be used because it â€Å"extends the scope of accessibility to cover potentially all applications running under the same interactive environment rather than a single application.†[21] This will enable the device to run successfully in all environments, thereby reducing some of the insecurity for the user who may be apprehensive about how the device will affect their experiences. Device Enhancements As ambient technologies further progress, devices using this technology will be characterised by â€Å"increasing ubiquity, mobility and personalization.† The devices could be reconfigured,[22] according to which network the user has come in contact with – at an airport, a store, a bank, etc. This will be important because of the critical need to solve some of the cognitive overload, confusion and frustrations[23] that will result as human beings visually impaired or otherwise try and adapt to a new way of interacting with each other and their surrounding environment. Ambient technologies must also advance in their alignment with other technologies in terms of â€Å"miniaturization, low power devices, wireless devices, security and encryption, biosensors and scalability.†[24] Many of these other technologies could hold the answer in terms of advancing the goal of ambient technologies to meld the idea of technology and human interaction into one action. Further research is also being conducted on an open source and standard for networks that will allow for widespread accessibility and adoption of ambient technology devices as well as more effective communication regardless of their location[25] so that these can be used in such public and global places as airports. As with most technology, there will be many glitches that will need to be overcome. It can be difficult, especially for those who are partially or completely blind, to learn to depend on a device to overcome their physical limitations only to find that it has malfunctions.[26] Therefore, it is imperative that a number of tests be conducted and backup information systems be developed to minimise any technical glitches. Other technical issues related to security and privacy can arise from a device’s network being compromised by viruses and works if there is not great care taken to insure that the networks are not vulnerable to attack.[27] This would involve further research into how numerous protective tactics now in place, such as proxy firewalls and intrusion detection system,[28] can be integrated with ambient technology in devices to keep people safe, especially in public areas where larger networks may be breached. To further the development of ambient technologies for such devices as an airport device for the blind and partially blind, it is recommended that candidates for the device be involved in the design life cycle and testing phase to ensure that the user interface is capable of delivering on its objective and that the subject using the device feels confident that it will improve their interaction with their external environment. Conclusions There is a wide demand for devices like the one developed for use in an airport because there are far-ranging benefits involved in its creation and implementation in the marketplace. However, there are many technology, legal, privacy, and security issues to overcome as well as detailed explanations about these devices so that those who need them the most can quickly feel comfortable with the idea of interacting with technology in a way that also responds to them and their cognitive abilities and limitations. However, it is clear that as devices come to market, such as the airport-enabled solution, more people will feel comfortable using them to enhance their interaction with others and provide a more independent way of travelling for those who might have felt previously inhibited. Although standardisation can be a slow process, this will provide time to achieve greater enhancements to various devices, such as the airport information and navigation device, so that some of the other challenges can already be solved to make implementation more likely. The growth in this market is explosive and real opportunity will be realised as ambient technology delivers lower cost and user-friendly devices. References Emiliani, P.L. and Stephanidis, C. (2005). Universal access to ambient intelligence environments: opportunities and challenges for people with disabilities. IBM Systems Journal, 605-619. Available from: http://researchweb.watson.ibm.com/journal/sj/443/emiliani.html. Gill, J., ed. (2008). Ambient intelligence: Paving the way. Cost 219. Available from: http://www.tiresias.org/cost219ter/ambient_intelligence/Ambient_Intelligence.pdf. Gill, J., ed. (2005). Making life easier: How new telecommunications services could benefit people with disabilities. Cost219. Available from: http://www.tiresias.org/cost219ter/making_life_easier/making_life_easier.pdf. Raisinghani, M.S., Benoit, A., Ding, J., Gomez, M., Gupta, K., Gusila, V., Power, D., and Schmedding, O. (2004). Ambient intelligence: Changing forms of human-computer interaction and their social implications. Journal of Digital Information. Available from: http://journals.tdl.org/jodi/rt/printerFriendly/jodi-155/147. 1 Footnotes [1] Raisinghani et al. 2004: 4. [2] Emiliani and Stephanidis 2005: 605. [3] Ibid: 610. [4] Gill 2008: 8. [5] Emiliani and Stephanidis 2005: 609. [6] Gill 2008: 4. [7] Ibid: 9. [8] Emiliani and Stephanidis 2005: 60610-611. [9] Ibid: 616. [10] Gill 2008: 7. [11] Ibid: 7. [12] Ibid: 7. [13] Gill 2005: 8. [14] Emiliani and Stephanidis 2005: 615. [15] Ibid: 616. [16] Rasinghani et al. 2004: 2. [17] Gill 2008: 8. [18] Emiliani and Stephanidis 2005: 606. [19] Ibid: 606. [20] Gill 2008: 12. [21] Emiliani and Stephanidis 2005: 607. [22] Ibid: 616. [23] Ibid: 611. [24] Emiliani and Stephanidis 2005: 616. [25] Raisinghani et al. 2004: 5. [26] Emiliani and Stephanidis 2005: 611. [27] Raisinghani et al. 2004: 2. [28] Ibid:23.

Consider how Seanus Heany provides us with a view of his childhood in :: English Literature

Consider how Seanus Heany provides us with a view of his childhood in the following poems: Digging, Death of a Naturalist, follower, blackberry picking, The barn and mid term break Sheanus Heany was born in 1939 on a farm in County Derry, Northern Ireland. His poetry is based on the landscape in his farm from his childhood. In his life there is one key feature that changed him from the rest of his family. This was the level of education that he obtained. He went to a decent school unlike his family that enabled him to write and not farm. He is currently a professor of poetry at Oxford. There are two large symbolic features in his poetry. Firstly, the danger in the countryside could be said to represent the danger in Northern Island at the time. Secondly, there is a strong sense of division in his family, which could be linked with Heany growing up in a divided country. His first poem in the Death of a Naturalist is very important. The purpose of it is to symbolise and introduce his circumstances. 'Between my finger and thumb the squat pen rests'. Look at this first sentence. It is telling you he is a writer. He is telling you that the pen rests. This means that he is comfortable with it. In a way he is saying that the pen belongs in his hand. Then he goes on to write 'snug as a gun'. A gun is a weapon. Something used for destruction which poetry is not. But, If you look closer you can see that maybe the pen has destroyed something. Heany was brought up in a Irish rural family. He is expected to become a farmer. In this way the pen has taken something away from him. It has changed the relationship with his family and lengthened the gap between them. Throughout nearly each poem there seems to be a barrier. Here it is the window, 'under my window'. Heany is doing mental work while his father is doing physical. Here is an example of how Heany and his father are different. 'My father digging I look down'. Even Heany's vision of his father from 20 years is one of digging. His father is natural with the farm work. When he is digging he is smooth and it is a harmonious movement. 'Bends low twenty years away stooping in rhythm through potato drills where he was digging'. His father's comfort with digging is displayed again. The boot is 'nestled' on the lug which is a word of belonging. His foot fits

Global Strategy of Sony Ericsson Essay

In 2001, Sony Ericsson is established by the Japanese company Sony (a consumer electronics corporation) as a fifty-fifty joint venture with the Swedish telecommunications company Ericsson (a mobile communications infrastructure and systems business) which offers mobile phones, accessories and applications. Before the merger, its provides expertise in mobile communication, after the merger, its provide both the consumer electronics and content expertise. In 2011, Sony Ericsson changes their global strategy by focusing more on high end smartphones. At the same times, Sony Ericsson will focus on their key markets, which is including the U.S., Russia, China and Germany. The transaction gives Sony focus on high end smartphones product includes their accessories and application that will lead to profitability and the growth of its business. However, the company facing new challenges in this dynamic changing environment, aggressive competition will affect the global market share of the company and it revenue. In 2012, Sony Ericsson becomes an end when Sony’s announcement that it will acquired 50 percent stake in Sony Ericsson, changed its name to Sony Mobile Communications AB (SMEC) let Sony Ericsson becomes an affiliated company of Sony Corporation (Sony). Sony is a multinational corporation, one of the most leading brand and its functions as designing, manufacturing, marketing mobiles phones and its accessories. With the announcement of acquisition, it will be a brand new start for Sony Ericsson to embark within the Sony family, expanded their marketing activities. Sony Ericsson use outsourcing for the customer interaction centre is another global strategy. This customer interaction centre is established to solve and meet all customer requirements and their problems, and at the same time reducing their cost for expansion.

telephone and e-mail essays

telephone and e-mail essays It is essential for people to communicate with each others. As time has gone by people has created many methods for individuals to interact with each others. For example, before the telephone was invented people mail letters to each other. Later on came the invention of voice communication and now the invention of e-mail. Telephone and e-mail have already become daily needs for human beings. Which method is better is determined by which is more economical, financially inexpensive for the user and more convenient. As we all know, as time goes forward and it will never go back. As a result, time has become a very essential factor in life. People can save more time by using the telephone rather than using e-mail because people can instantly get a reply from others; in an emergency situation, like a car crash, or if someone suddenly has a heart attack, the phone can be a life saver. However, when people are not in emergency situations, e-mail can save more time because people do not need talk to each other directly; consequently, people do not need to bother talking to those they don ¡t want to. Since sometimes a conversation can take forever, it will save those people who do not like to speak on the phone much more time. Also, by using e-mail, people can wisely manage their time, yet on the phone it requires two or more people ¡s agreements to hang up. As we can see, both the telephone and e-mail have their own advantages related to time. Besides time, money is also a very important issue in our lives. These days, buying a telephone is much cheaper then buying a computer. Since telephones were invented a long time ago, they are very common household items. Hence, it is cheap to buy. By contrast, e-mail is still considered to be a new innovation, thus, e-mail is free. Computers are expensive. In addition, both the telephone and e-mail require a monthly payment. Nevertheless, telephone bills are mostly cheaper then Internet bil...

Psychology Homework Example

Psychology Homework Example Psychology Homework – Article Example Article Review The purpose of this paper is to ascertain whether adolescents with severe substance and conduct problems portray a given pattern of neural activation especially when there is need for internal control of their behavior even when the intended information is distracted (Banich et al. 175-176). The research is very essential since it has provided a feedback and suggestions on how to deal with adolescents with such disorders. It also provides the need to have an extensive research since the number of patient was small.The article draws the hypothesis that â€Å"the neural mechanisms of attentional control in youth with SCP differ from youth without such problems† (Banich et al. 175). The study uses functional magnetic resonance imaging and the color-word stroop task to prove this hypothesis by examining whether youth with SCP manifest deficits in attentional control (Banich et al. 177).Since the severe SCP is less common in females, all the participants were male ag ed between 14 and 18 years (Banich et al. 176). All the participants were English speakers (Banich et al. 176).The research provided evidence that the neural systems engaged by the adolescents with severe substance and conduct problems when they are involved in a demanding task differ even when there is no difference in the performance behavior (Banich et al. 177-179). The research revealed that both groups activated DFLPC, which are usually involved in the stroop task. This shows that both groups can activate the relevant neural machinery.From the research, it is evident that brain systems involved in the attentional control function well in youths with SCP (Banich et al. 178-180). However, it is not clear whether the neural irregularities are because of predisposing factors hence, there is need to conduct a future research to ascertain this (Banich et al. 181).The article is quite interesting because there seems to be contradicting findings. Basing on the previous research that ha s been it is quite weird why there different findings for different research that are almost similar.Banich, Marie T, Thomas J. Crowley, Laetitia L Thompson, Benjamin L. Jacobson, Xun Liu, Kristen M. Raymond, and Eric D Claus. â€Å"Brain activation during the Stroop task in adolescents with severe substance and conduct problems: A pilot study.† Drug and Alcohol Dependence 90 (2007): 175–182. Print.

For capitol punishment blue collar comedy tour movie clip is used for this essay

For capitol punishment blue collar comedy tour movie clip is used for this essay The Need for Capital Punishmentblue collar comedy tour clip chapter 3 13:25-14:14Imagine yourself in a room, 12 feet long by 6 feet wide. You're sittingon a metal bed bolted to the floor with a thin foam cushion. The only otherthings in the room are a table and a chair, a sink and a toilet. There is nowindow, only a small faint light on the ceiling. You spend all of your time inthis room, you have no choice. This is your dining room, your den, your bedroomand your bathroom. You are allowed to read and write letters in this room. Youcannot entertain guests in this room, you must go somewhere else for that, in aroom with a mesh screen for you to sit behind, where you are constantly watchedover. Even though this is your bathroom, it has no shower stall or bathtub, butonce a week you are allowed to leave this room to take a shower.Capital PunishmentYour days arespent inside this room reading, thinking and worrying. You aren't in anyordinary room, you're in a cell on death row. A cell res erved for people whowere sentenced to death for committing a crime. Death could be by firing squad,lethal injection, the gas chamber or electric chair. Chances are you've been inthis room for many years and will be for many more. Your lawyers have began thelengthily appeal process. Once all the appeals have failed, it soon is time,and you will be moved to a holding cell. There you will be offered your finalmean, of your choice. Your last visitors arrive, first your lawyer, your familymembers and at last a priest who prays with you. You take your final glancearound the room, as...

The Quality Drag on China's Car Industry Term Paper

The Quality Drag on China's Car Industry - Term Paper Example By providing the example of Hyundai, this article tries to establish the fact that the carmakers, especially the domestic Chinese carmakers, have no choice but to focus on quality in order to achieve sustainable success. Chinese automobile companies must shift their focus from higher market share to better quality by making significant investment in research and development for further improvement of quality of their cars. There are huge opportunities for these players to make improvement in the areas like handling, power train and ‘driving experience’. Having made all these points, one may ask if quality comes automatically by the mere fact that the need for quality is trumpeted to workers every now and then. The fact is that quality is earned and it must be earned methodologically. In most global jurisdictions as far as business is concerned, renowned companies and multinational corporations have relied on the basic principles of operations management to enforce and ensure quality among their workforce. It is not surprising therefore that in the article, the writer notes that â€Å"when the trade-off is between higher sales or greater profits, their instinct is to go for sales, often at the expense of profits† (Lubo, 2012). In the words of McNamara (2011), â€Å"operations management focuses on carefully managing the processes to produce and distribute products and services.† It basically entails the practice of using what you have to achieve what you want. The most important factor however is that in determining wha t you want to achieve, the needs and expectations of the customer must stand out (Dodge, 2005).

On the oregon trail Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

On the oregon trail - Essay Example I was used to seeing Indians hunt my relatives and neighbors for trophies and food. My family was lucky since my father was protective and always knew the paths to use in order for us to avoid confrontations with the Native Indians. At the beginning of the  1840s, my father and mother used to give me tales regarding a community that trekked as they moved towards the mountains. This community, which was different from the natives  in skin color and the mannerisms, had first made the trip to Oregon in 1836. However, the 1840s marked the largest migration when what I could hear being called ‘pioneers’ made the trip in a group that my family and friends estimated to be about a thousand (â€Å"The Oregon Trail†). They had different objectives to move to different locations. In this case, I heard that some looked for some stones called gold, which I heard people say was precious and was available in a place called California. Others looked for farmlands in Oregon’s Willamette Valley in order to carry out farming activities (â€Å"The Oregon Trail†). I did not know what farmlands were, but I was shocked to find out that my neighbors and I could not roam freely once this new group of people settled in a place. These people moved  with  strange  things, which I understood carried their possessions, and I had not seen such things in my life. However, some other strange animals used to pull these wagons with some of these animals resembling buffaloes while others had some similarities with zebras, although without the stripes with some of them very huge than zebras. I came to understand that the animals that resembled zebras were either mules or horses while those that were similar to buffalos were oxen (â€Å"The Oregon Trail†). One thing I could not understand was why these people could not mount on these carriages. Instead, most of them walked the 2,000 miles on foot. In effect, some of them died

How a bill becomes a law Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

How a bill becomes a law - Assignment Example Injuries exhibited by schoolchildren leave all stakeholders dumb folded and this is of utmost concern even to me who is a nurse. Consequently, there is a need to develop a protection mechanism for the children, which will involve proposition an idea that focus on enacting a bill into a law to ensure safety of the children in school buses. The idea that entails proposition of the bill may come from representatives or from the citizens. From this case, the idea to provide safety measures to children driving on schools bus comes from me as an ordinary citizen and a nurse. From my observation, there is an increase in the number of accidents causing injuries to children driving on front row of the school bus (Black, 2012). The number of children brought to the emergency room with fractures and other injuries is alarming thereby, this call for the need to provide protection mechanism to the children (Mehta& Lou, 2013). Children sitting at the front row are vulnerable to injuries when the bus makes a sudden braking as the bus lacks safety belts on the front rows (Macias, 2011). After proposition of the idea, the cit izen can then discuss it with their representative. After that, the representative seeks support from the fellow colleagues by discussing the bill further with them as well. As a nurse, I had an encounter with children rushed into the hospital, emergency room section, with sustained injuries because of a car having made a wrong turn in front of the bus, whereby the bus driver braked suddenly. This breaking was the cause of the many injuries like broken limbs and head lacerations that children sustained. There have been similar bills before that proposed the need to have seatbelts in school buses. For instance, the year 2007 saw the enactment of a legislation advocating for children to have seat belts in school buses. This was following a tragic occurrence whereby

Labor Force from the Household Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Labor Force from the Household Survey - Essay Example U6 reflects the rate that includes persons marginally attached to the labor force and those who are employed part-time for economic reasons in generating the unemployment rate. Discouraged workers form part of the marginally attached workers. ïÆ'   According to the authors, the main reason for the continuing stagnant growth of the U.S. economy lies in the â€Å"ongoing and scarcely improving shortfall in aggregate demand relative to the supply of productive resources†. (Bivens, Fieldhouse & Shierholz 2013) Consumption of produced goods and services have decreased since the onset of the ‘Great Recession’ in 2008. 2. The authors discuss the issue of the relationship between strong GDP growth and a strong recovery. What does their argument suggest about the relationship between strong GDP growth, the deficit and reducing unemployment? ïÆ'   The authors’ argument suggests that budget deficit reduction results to decelerated GDP, which, in turn, translates to higher unemployment and underemployment rates. The austerity measures implemented to reduce budget deficits lead to less economic activities, fewer jobs, less production of goods and services, less demand from the consumers, and, ultimately to a lower GDP. Lower GDP requires less labor. More and more plants and factories will operate below their full capacity and will lay off more workers to cut costs and survive the economically difficult times. ïÆ'   According to the authors, achieving full employment will bring in economic recovery. Full employment can be attained by boosting the consumers’ demand for goods and services produced by the country as the initial step toward narrowing the output gap – the difference between what the economy can produce and its actual output.  

Attitude Toward Aging Process Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Attitude Toward Aging Process - Essay Example They are faced with other complications such as hearing and eyesight impairment, memory loss and diminished joint mobility. Wrinkling of skin We need to infuse change in the nurses' attitude since they are not just interested in the status of elderly health. For this case this negative attitude should be changed fro them to be able to serve elderly people with confidence in future. The medical curriculum recommended interdisciplinary subject that includes multiple specialty subject on aging process and a number of diseases of elderly people. The subject provided both community and hospital based teaching materials. Since then there are a number of theory have come up to explain the aging process. (Rieder, 2004) These theories are the wear and tear theories and Genome based theories. The wear and tear theories are old theories which include; cross linkage theory, free radical theory, error catastrophe theory and the waste product accumulation theory. On the other hand, the genome based theories are the most recent theories of the aging process and they include; somatic mutation, finite doubling potential of cells and the programmed aging. (Rieder, 2004) According to Reider (2004), people with over 65 years in United States most often spend a lot of their time in health care than those below the age of 65 years.

SPSS Analysis & Methodology Section Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

SPSS Analysis & Methodology Section - Term Paper Example as an Internet marketing tool by the companies. †¢ To examine the evidence about the benefits of using social networking websites as communication tool. Details of the methodological implications will be highlighted in the following sections. 1.2 Research Approach Saunders, Lewis & Thornhil (2007 & 2009) pointed out that researchers should select any one of the research approach from available approaches such as, 1- Correlation Study- understanding the relationship between variables is the key aim in such kind of studies and 2- Causal Study- finding out the reasons behind the variation in the behaviour of variables is the key reason behind such kind of research approach. As the researcher is trying to understand the role of social networking websites such as Facebook and twitter on increasing effectiveness of Internet marketing tool for companies hence the researcher will use correlation approach to find out what is the relationship between effectiveness of Internet marketing to ol and social networking website penetration. ... 1.3 Research Strategy Creswell (2009) stated that there can be three types of research strategy for researchers such as, 1- Quantitative research strategy- gathering primary data by using open ended and preferably close ended questionnaire or secondary data with the help of literature review, case study etc and then analyze the data by using mathematical and statistical operators, 2- Qualitative approach- gathering data from secondary sources or open ended questionnaire based interview, observation, ethnography and then analyzed data in non-numeric manner, 3- Mixed strategy- combination of both qualitative and quantitative research approach. Saunders, Lewis & Thornhil (2007 & 2009) argued that quantitative research strategy works well for establishing new theory or explaining a social phenomenon but the research strategy works poorly for measuring the relationship variables in absolute manner. On the other hand, Bryman & Bell (2003) also found that quantitative research can be used f or finding the relationship between variables in definite manner. As the researcher has also planned to understand the role of social networking websites in digital marketing which is a definite phenomenon hence the researcher will use quantitative research strategy in the study. 2.3 Unit of analysis and Study setting Robson (2011) stated that while conducting quantitative data analysis, researchers need to set the confidence interval high enough to get correct research findings. Saunders, Lewis & Thornhil (2009) suggested that 95% confidence level with significance of 0.05 can be used in case of academic research. Hence, the researcher will also use the 95%

Labor Force from the Household Survey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Labor Force from the Household Survey - Essay Example U6 reflects the rate that includes persons marginally attached to the labor force and those who are employed part-time for economic reasons in generating the unemployment rate. Discouraged workers form part of the marginally attached workers. ïÆ'   According to the authors, the main reason for the continuing stagnant growth of the U.S. economy lies in the â€Å"ongoing and scarcely improving shortfall in aggregate demand relative to the supply of productive resources†. (Bivens, Fieldhouse & Shierholz 2013) Consumption of produced goods and services have decreased since the onset of the ‘Great Recession’ in 2008. 2. The authors discuss the issue of the relationship between strong GDP growth and a strong recovery. What does their argument suggest about the relationship between strong GDP growth, the deficit and reducing unemployment? ïÆ'   The authors’ argument suggests that budget deficit reduction results to decelerated GDP, which, in turn, translates to higher unemployment and underemployment rates. The austerity measures implemented to reduce budget deficits lead to less economic activities, fewer jobs, less production of goods and services, less demand from the consumers, and, ultimately to a lower GDP. Lower GDP requires less labor. More and more plants and factories will operate below their full capacity and will lay off more workers to cut costs and survive the economically difficult times. ïÆ'   According to the authors, achieving full employment will bring in economic recovery. Full employment can be attained by boosting the consumers’ demand for goods and services produced by the country as the initial step toward narrowing the output gap – the difference between what the economy can produce and its actual output.  

SPSS Analysis & Methodology Section Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

SPSS Analysis & Methodology Section - Term Paper Example as an Internet marketing tool by the companies. †¢ To examine the evidence about the benefits of using social networking websites as communication tool. Details of the methodological implications will be highlighted in the following sections. 1.2 Research Approach Saunders, Lewis & Thornhil (2007 & 2009) pointed out that researchers should select any one of the research approach from available approaches such as, 1- Correlation Study- understanding the relationship between variables is the key aim in such kind of studies and 2- Causal Study- finding out the reasons behind the variation in the behaviour of variables is the key reason behind such kind of research approach. As the researcher is trying to understand the role of social networking websites such as Facebook and twitter on increasing effectiveness of Internet marketing tool for companies hence the researcher will use correlation approach to find out what is the relationship between effectiveness of Internet marketing to ol and social networking website penetration. ... 1.3 Research Strategy Creswell (2009) stated that there can be three types of research strategy for researchers such as, 1- Quantitative research strategy- gathering primary data by using open ended and preferably close ended questionnaire or secondary data with the help of literature review, case study etc and then analyze the data by using mathematical and statistical operators, 2- Qualitative approach- gathering data from secondary sources or open ended questionnaire based interview, observation, ethnography and then analyzed data in non-numeric manner, 3- Mixed strategy- combination of both qualitative and quantitative research approach. Saunders, Lewis & Thornhil (2007 & 2009) argued that quantitative research strategy works well for establishing new theory or explaining a social phenomenon but the research strategy works poorly for measuring the relationship variables in absolute manner. On the other hand, Bryman & Bell (2003) also found that quantitative research can be used f or finding the relationship between variables in definite manner. As the researcher has also planned to understand the role of social networking websites in digital marketing which is a definite phenomenon hence the researcher will use quantitative research strategy in the study. 2.3 Unit of analysis and Study setting Robson (2011) stated that while conducting quantitative data analysis, researchers need to set the confidence interval high enough to get correct research findings. Saunders, Lewis & Thornhil (2009) suggested that 95% confidence level with significance of 0.05 can be used in case of academic research. Hence, the researcher will also use the 95%

Costa Launches New Flavour Drinks This Winter Essay Example for Free

Costa Launches New Flavour Drinks This Winter Essay ?Try Cioccospresso! Costa launches new flavour drinks for this different winter 12/11/2014 Costa is looking to create warmth this winter thanks to a brand new offering that will light up your taste buds. As the UK’s fastest growing coffee shop chain ,costa never stops its steps in innovation. This time, costa try to deliver an intense chocolate experience to you by offering Costa Cioccosresso, an upgraded chocolate drinks which will be available to buy in Costa and Costa Metro from 12th November 2014. It’s time to try something new besides your favorite coffee. Cioccospresso brings the zesty tastes right to your cup:chilli,vanilla,orange,mint and ginger. Combined with newly found cocoa and natural brown sugar,and topped with whipped cream and baking spices, this new drink addition offers you mellow enjoyment without adding milk. During her vocation in Mexico,Victoria Stewart, one of Costa’s barista, discovered this magic drink and brought it back to dear you. It’s even better that Cioccospresso is made with patented machine specially designed by Costa to keep its original aroma and healthy effects. Andrew Tornatore, senior marketing director for Costas UK, said: This is another delicious addition to the Costa’s menu and one were proud to be launching. We always try to offer more healthy beverage and food to our customers, which is why we try hard discovering better ingredients and techniques. New additions like Cioccospresso is one of our achievements. Great healthy effects such as reductions of migraines,risk of cardiovascular problems and blood pressure will be shown to you while the beverage still upholding the high standards. † The initial launch will also be hold in Leicester Square branch in November 12th,Aztec historians and health experts will be attending to present more information. Except that,Costa’s online activities waiting for your involvements as well,show your â€Å"Chocolate indulgence† and win free holidays! To find your nearest store, for more information or to view a menu visit www. costa. co. uk or Costa’s Facebook fan page. Press Enquiries: Nina Chen University of Leeds 0783 5xxx xxx Tuesday 10th November, 2014.

Oscar Wilde Earnest

Oscar Wilde Earnest Trivial Comedy for Serious People: Oscar Wildes The Importance of Being Earnest â€Å"Since we know The Importance of Being Earnest is a trivial play for serious people, our task as serious people is not to be content to say its funny, but to be careful when describing the fun† (Sale 479). First staged in February 1895 at the St. James Theatre, people packed the theater to see Oscar Wildes new play, The Importance of Being Earnest. The play â€Å"was an immediate hit† (Greenblatt and M.H. Abrams 2221). It was a promising time as Wildes plays had been the talk of the town for the past several years. Generally, Wildes plays were â€Å"serious even when trying to evoke comedy; his previous plays ranged from social satire and criticism (Lady Windermeres Fan), to themes that defied propriety and incited some moral indignation (Salome)† (Barnet xxix). In reply to criticism [surrounding Lady Windermeres Fan,] printed in the St. James Gazette of February 26, 1892, Wilde wrote a letter to the editor published on February 27th, under the heading â€Å"Mr. Oscar Wilde Explains†(Mason 390). In this letter, Wilde claimed â€Å"that he did not want the play to be viewed as ‘a mere question of pantomime and clowning, but that ‘he was interested in the piece as a psychological study† (Mason 390). His â€Å"tendency was to make his people ‘real, and then to take his audience through the looking-glass into a world which seemed to reflect modern life† (Raby 159). This new play, The Importance of Being Earnest, therefore, revealed a novel side of Wilde not exposed before. One of his contemporary critics, H. G. Wells, said â€Å"that it was much harder to listen to nonsense then to talk it, but not if it is good nonsense†¦.and this is very good nonsense† (Beckson 187). Hamilton Fyfe, on the other hand, found it â€Å"slight in structure, devoid in purpose† nevertheless â€Å"extraordinarily funny† (Beckson 187). â€Å"One critic failed to find it delightful; curiously this was Wildes fellow playwright from Ireland, Bernard Shaw†(Greenblatt and M.H. Abrams 2221). Although he claimed he did find it amusing, â€Å"George Bernard Shaw said that it leaves me with a sense of having wasted my evening† (Beckson 221). He even poked fun at those who praised the sheer nonsense of Wilde, remarking that â€Å"if the public ever becomes intelligent enough to know when it is really enjoying itself and when it is not, there will be an end of farcical comedy† (Beckson 221-222). Since George Bernard Shaw had a reputation for being a harsh critic, this criticism was characteristic of him. After reading the play, one might even agree with Shaws review. However, the play does have an understandable plot (â€Å"a gross anachronism,† according to Shaw (Beckson 221). The main character, Jack Worthing, is courting the affections of Gwendolen Fairfax, but is impeded by her mother, Lady Bracknell, who opposes the match (Greenblatt and M.H. Abrams 2229-2231). This part of the plot is serious enough. Wilde then adds a comical aspect: Jack has been introducing himself as Ernest while in town, and when back at his country estate he refers to a â€Å"younger brother† named Ernest (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2223). While Wilde tries to inject a sense of seriousness into the comedy, he allows his plot twists to develop into the ridiculous. For example, the case of Miss Prisms losing an infant is nonchalantly explained as an absent minded switch between a book and a baby; the baby being placed in a handbag and the book in the perambulator (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2261). There is also Algernons behavior and his imaginary friend called â€Å"Bunbury†¦which he invented as an invaluable permanent invalid in order that he might be able to go down into the country whenever he chooses† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2226), eventually Bunbury simply explodes. As ridiculous as Wilde made his plots, is the way he resolved them: Algernons way of killing off Bunbury was to calmly say that he â€Å"was quite exploded† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2256). When pressed for a better answer, Algernon simply explains that the doctor found that Bunbury was going to die and he expired right then and there. Gwendolens (and for that matter Cecilys) outrage after discovering the truth about Ernest is won back by the ridiculous attempt by Jack to christen himself Ernest. And the hard to believe predicament of Miss Prism and the lost baby eventually resolved Jacks impediment with Gwendolen. Very often when offered questionable storylines, one can expect relief from the moral of the story or the play, which the author might try to instill. The search, in this case, would be in vain. Algernon never gets his due over his continued deceit in Bunburying, and Jack Worthing is redeemed by the discovery of his being â€Å"Ernest all along. Jacks confession that â€Å"it is a terrible thing for a man to find out suddenly that all his life he has been speaking nothing but the truth†(Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2263) is simply accepted and forgiven. None of the characters get chastised for their bad behavior or prejudice. So, one is left to think that Wilde, in not condemning these actions, absolutely agrees with them. Therefore it might be considered that the plot is only a prop for Wildes more implicit messages, hidden within his side notes, his characters, and their situations. The message may not be understood by looking at the play as a whole; but in its parts. The gems hidden within the play are the commentaries of Wilde on topics such as medicine, relationships and social norms, with â€Å"considerable insight on the human condition, in particular issues of class, gender, sexuality, and identity† (P.P.F 288:538). He places these commentaries either as asides in the dialogue or in the intricacy by which a scene is played out. For example, Algernons skepticism regarding Jacks proposal to Gwendolen echoes the social dilemma, â€Å"girls never marry the men they flirt with†¦girls dont think it right†¦it accounts for the extraordinary number of bachelors that one sees all over the place† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2224). As for the dialogue of the two young ladies toward s each other (they will call each other a lot of things before they become friends); Wilde portrays the younger gal as naively idealistic, while portraying the other as an impractical romantic. They are represented as fickle, although Gwendolens attitude towards Cecily ranges from quite friendly to jealous rivalry and then to faithful friend (all in one scene). At the same time, Lady Bracknells impression of Cecily goes from the unthinkable to the idea that â€Å"[Cecily] has distinct social possibilities,† and as such would make a suitable member of London High Society (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2258). While most of Wildes contemporaries were thrilled at the â€Å"nonsense† of the play, Shaw had expected a serious comedy by the playwright. Instead he saw it as having no structure and a real disappointment. The play does begin to make sense though, when we look away from the perspective of the critic and into the authors mind. If we accept that the plot is a prop, which Wilde used to throw abuse and amusement at his audience, we can then conclude that the play was meant as one big commentary on sensibilities, on society, and on theater. Furthermore, if we look at Wildes own problems at the time of the plays fame, we might understand Wilde. In the scene where Lady Bracknell is interviewing Jack, and then reacting to Jacks helpless admission that he has lost his parents, Lady Bracknell states that â€Å"losing both parents seem an act of carelessness† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2232), and adds that to rectify the situation he should â€Å"make a definite effort to produce at any rate one parent, of either sex, before the season is quite over† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2233). As absurd as this may seem, it does have a purpose: Lady Bracknell represents Victorian High Society. Because of this, she is ready to condemn based on ones birth or unfortunate circumstance; yet she makes a complete turnaround in her disapproval of Cecily once she realizes that the girl has good ancestry (namely, her father is rich) (Greenblatt and M.H. Abrams 2257). The absurdity of Jack posing as Ernest mirrors the life of the playwright himself. Oscar Wilde, at this time, had begun to scandalize London with his lifestyle and had been largely condemned as a homosexual. Jack Worthing explains that the pressures of leading a â€Å"high moral life† in the country does not provide him with the happiness he needs; rather, that happiness is found in Ernest whose reputation is entirely opposite of Jacks (Greenblatt and M.H. Abrams 2226). In the same way, perhaps Wilde feels somehow trapped in the need to conform to Londons High Society standards. The lack of a decent plot is an attack of the sensibilities of the audience to a serious play. Oscar Wilde once explained â€Å"that the play has an underlying philosophy: ‘that we should treat all the trivial things of life seriously, and all the serious things of life with sincere and studied triviality† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2222). The whole point was not the progression of the story, but the progression of the absurdity: starting with the truth of â€Å"Ernest†, then the nonsense of â€Å"Bunburying†, until the play escalates to the ridiculous in Miss Prism. His characters crude commentaries, which seemed to offend, were meant to offend; if anything, none of it needed to be taken seriously. The play is an exercise of triviality. George Bernard Shaw couldnt see past the nonsense of Wilde. The Importance of Being Earnest was actually quite an accomplishment. Wilde worked hard writing and rewriting the script until he felt he had the perfect combination of wit and humor shrouded in seriousness. It was absolute nonsense, yet it was a masterpiece of nonsense. There is a lesson to be learned here. Something serious need not be treated to death as serious; it can be allowed some form of triviality. These few lines say it best: Jack: â€Å"I am sick to death of cleverness†¦ The thing has become an absolute public nuisance. I wish to goodness we had a few fools left.† Algernon: â€Å"We have.† Jack: â€Å"I should extremely like to meet them. What do they talk about?† Algernon: â€Å"The fools? Oh! About the clever people, of course!† (Greenblatt and M. H. Abrams 2234). Works Cited Barnet, Sylvan. Introduction. The Importance of Being Earnest and Other Plays By Oscar Wilde. New York: Penguin Books, 1985. Beckson, Karl, Ed. Oscar Wilde: The Critical Heritage. London: Routledge, 1997. Greenblatt, Stephen, and M.H. Abrams, Eds. The Norton Anthology of English Literature. 8th ed. New York, USA: W.W. Norton Company, Inc, 2006. Mason, Stuart. Bibliography of Oscar Wilde. Edinburgh: Riverside Press Limited, 1908. Reprinted, New York: Haskell House Pub, 2007. P.P.F. The Importance of Being Earnest.Contemporary Review. 288.1683 (Winter 2006): 538-539. Retrieved April 3, 2008. www.liberty.edu. Academic Search Premier. http:/​/​search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/​login.aspx?direct=truedb=aphAN=23913109site=ehost-live Raby, Peter, Ed. The Cambridge Companion to Oscar Wilde. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1997. Sale, Roger. Being Earnest. Hudson Review 56:3 (Autumn 2003): 475-484. Retrieved April 3, 2008. www.liberty.edu. Academic Search Premier. http:/​/​search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.libety.edu:2048/​login.aspx?direct=truedb=aphAN=11262215site=ehost-live

Full Body Scanners Do Not Lead to Safer Travel Essays -- Airport Secur

Why should anyone including my 3-year-old daughter unnecessarily be exposed to cancer causing X-ray beams in a full body scanner? Or have a total stranger run his or her hands up and down my daughter's body for a full pat-down upon refusing the scan? Most enraging is that the scan can be done without my knowledge. Full body scanners should not be used in United States airports. The Transportation Security Administration (TSA), on November 20, 2010 implemented the use of 385 scanners, otherwise know as advanced imaging technology in 68 airports to include Denver International Airport. The TSA is using these machines supposedly to ensure safer travel and be steps ahead of security threats. According to the TSA, as a preventive measure, scanners where rapidly deployed after Umar Farouk Abdulmutallab's failed attempt at blowing up an aircraft with pentaerythritol tetranitrate, or PETN sewn in his underwear December 25, 2009. Former Homeland Security chief Michael Chertoff claimed that if Abdulmutallab had gone through screening or a full pat-down, the explosives would have been discovered (Eggen, DeYoung and Hsu 2). The TSA also claims that not all explosives or explosive devices can be detected through metal detectors. The scanner machines cannot detect explosives such as the type that Abdulmutallab had concealed. Abdullah Ansieri had a detonator and explosives hidden in his rectum when he tried to kill Saudi Arabia's counter-terrorism chief, Prince Mohammed bin Nayef. Ansieri was Saudi's most wanted man and managed to get through two rigorous airport screenings and Saudi Secret Service, who defend royals by any means necessary. Professor Clive Williams a counter-terrorism expert of the Australian National University said the mac... ...he-real-radiation-risk-of-the-tsas-full-body-x-ray-scans/> 5. Bell, Jason. â€Å"Review of the TSA X-ray backscatter body scanner safety report: hide your kids, hide your wife.† My Helical Tryst, blogspot.com, 22 Nov 2010. Web. 1 Dec 2010. 6. â€Å"You asked for it...You got it, Millimeter Wave images.† blog.tsa.gov. TSA 09 May 2008. Web. 1 Dec 2010. . 7. "Are Full Body Scan Images Saved? Issue Challenged In Federal Court...† wgrz, Buffalo, 06 Aug 2010. Web. 1 Dec 2010. . 8. Meserve, Jeanne, and Mike M. Ahlers. â€Å"Body scanners can store, send images, group says.† CNN 11 Jan 2010: 1. Web. ! Dec 2010.

Spirituality in Shakespeares Hamlet Essay -- GCSE Coursework Shakespe

     Ã‚  Ã‚   Can anyone possibly deny the spirituality within the Shakespearean tragedy Hamlet? Yes, some literary critics do. But most critics agree with the contention of this paper – that there is considerable spirituality present in the play. In his essay â€Å"Hamlet: His Own Falstaff,† Harold Goddard sees that Hamlet was made for â€Å"religion† and several other purposes: He [Hamlet] was made, that is, for religion and philosophy, for love and art, for liberty to â€Å"grow unto himself† – five forces that are the elemental enemies of Force. And this man is called upon to kill. It is almost as if Jesus had been asked to play the role of Napoleon (as the temptation in the wilderness suggests that in some sense he was). If Jesus had been, ought he to have accepted it? The absurdity of the question prompts the recording of the strangest of all the strange facts in the history of Hamlet: the fact, namely, that nearly all readers, commentators, and critics are agreed in thinking that it was Hamlet’s duty to kill, that he ought indeed to have killed much sooner than he did. (12)    Goddard’s highlighting of the main question underlying the narrative of the play – a moral question – indicates the spiritual nature of   Hamlet. Not all critics appreciate the spirituality in Hamlet. A.C. Bradley’s Shakespearean Tragedy: Lectures on Hamlet, Othello, King Lear and Macbeth presents a different interpretation regarding the presence of spirituality within the play:    For although this or that dramatis persona may speak of gods or of God, of evil spirits or of Satan, of heaven and of hell, and although the poet may show us ghosts from another world, these ideas do not materially influence his representation of life, nor are they used... ...Tragedies.† Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1996. Rpt. from Shakespeare’s Women. N.p.: n.p., 1981.    Rosenberg, Marvin. â€Å"Laertes: An Impulsive but Earnest Young Aristocrat.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Masks of Hamlet. Newark, NJ: University of Delaware Press, 1992.    Shakespeare, William. The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 1995. http://www.chemicool.com/Shakespeare/hamlet/full.html    West, Rebecca. â€Å"A Court and World Infected by the Disease of Corruption.† Readings on Hamlet. Ed. Don Nardo. San Diego: Greenhaven Press, 1999. Rpt. from The Court and the Castle. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1957.    Wilson, John Dover. What happens in Hamlet. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1959.

Anatomical Organization Review Sheet

Answer the following questions using pigs. 13-16 and various organ system chapters of your text. A. Which is lateral: the tall or fibula? Fibula b. Which Is more distal: the ankle or knee? Ankle c. Circle or underline the correct statement: 1. The heart is ventral to the spinal cord. The heart is dorsal to the spinal cord. 2. The head is superior to the leg. The head is inferior to the leg. 3. The scapula is dorsal to the heart. The scapula is ventral to the heart. 4. The cranium is superficial to the brain. The cranium is deep to the brain. 2. Answer the following questions sing pigs. 7-18: a. What are the 3 regions of the thoracic cavity? Superior meditations, pleural cavity, pericardia cavity within the meditations b. What organ is housed in the pleural cavity? Lung c. What organs are housed In the meditations? Heart, esophagi, trachea, d. What organ Is found In the pericardia cavity? Heart e. What muscle separates the abdominally cavity from the thoracic cavity? Diaphragm f. What are the two regions (or spectacles) of the abdominally cavity? Abdominal and pelvic g. What organs are found in the abdominal cavity? Stomach, intestines, spleen, liver, and others h.What organs are housed in the pelvic cavity? Urinary bladder, some reproductive organs, and the rectum I. What organ is housed in the cranial cavity? Brain j. What is the viscera? Internal organs k. What is the peritoneum? Serous membrane lining the interior of the abdominal cavity covering the surface of abdominal organs l. What are the mesenteric? Double layer extensions of the peritoneum that support most organs in the abdominal cavity m. During surgery, the surgeon would encounter which layer first? 1. The visceral peritoneum or the parietal peritoneum (circle correct answer) 2. He stomach wall or he parietal peritoneum (circle correct answer) 3. The visceral pleura or the parietal pleura (circle correct answer)? 3. Answer the following using pig. 19. A. What organ(s) are housed in the orbital cavi ties? Eyes b. Synopsis cavities are found where? Within fibrous capsules that surround freely movable Joints of the body c. Now for a much harder question: Are the kidneys housed in a body cavity? If not, where are they specifically found? Yes, abdominal 4. Write the term each phrase describes. A. Extends from the stomach and drapes over the intestines. Greater momentum b.Attaches the heart to the body cavity. Arose c. Covers the surface of the lungs. Serous membrane d. Covers the surface of the abdominal organs. Serous membrane e. The lubricating liquid In serous cavities. Serous fluid f. Extends between the superior part of the stomach and the liver lesser momentum. G. Attaches the small intestines to the posterior body wall intestinal mucosa . H. Spleen, adrenal glands, abdominal aorta, inferior even cave, stomach. 5. List the nine abdominally regions and the location of each. Umbilical region – conferment region deep to and surrounding the naval.Epigenetic region – superior to the umbilical region Hypocrites region – inferior to the umbilical region Right and left iliac – lateral to the hypothermia region Right and left lumbar – lateral to the umbilical region Right and left hypochondriac regions – lateral to the epigenetic region 6. Name the quadrant(s) that the following organs predominately occupy: IRIS, LICK, RL, LLC. A. Liver rug b. Stomach lug c. Spleen rug e. Appendix RL d. Gall bladder rug f. Left kidney lug g. Uterus RL h. Pancreas RL 7. Write the anatomical terms that the phrase or word describes using pig. 14 and the chart on the website.Phrases or words referring to nouns are indicated. All other harass refer to adjectives. A. Navel (noun). Umbilical b. Pertaining to the area between the neck and abdomen. Thoracic c. Pertaining to the palm of hand. Palmary d. Pertaining to the high point of the shoulder. Cranial e. Pertaining to the anterior surface of the elbow region. Electoral f. Pertaining to the ne ck. Cervical g. Pertaining to the posterior surface of the knee. Politely h. Wrist (noun). Carpal I. Pertaining to the area between the elbow and wrist. Interracial J. Back (noun). Dorsal k. Armpit area (noun). Auxiliary l. Pertaining to the mouth. Oral m.Pertaining to the anterior surface of the knee. Tattler n. Breast bone (noun). Mammary o. Pertaining to the hip. Coal p. Pertaining to the side of the leg. Femoral q. Pertaining to the calf. Surreal r. Pertaining to the fingers or toes. Phalanges s. Pertaining to the cheek. Mental t. Pertaining to the heel. Cleaned u. Pertaining to the sole of the foot. Plantar v. Pertaining to the head. Chalice w. Pertaining to the foot. Metatarsal x. Pertaining to the eye. Orbital y. Pertaining to the genital area. Pubic z. Pertaining to the area between the hip and knee. Femoral b. Pertaining to the spinal column. Vertebral c.Pertaining to the inferior back of the head. Capital ad. Pertaining to the anterior surface of the leg. Fibular e. Pertai ning to the area of the lower back or loin. Sacral if. Pertaining to the area of the back that contains the shoulder blades. Scapular g. Pertaining to the posterior surface of the elbow region. Electoral h. Arm (noun). Brachia 8. Write the name of the plane that the phrase describes. A. Divides body or organ into unequal right and left sections. Modalities b. Divides body or organ into anterior and posterior sections. Frontal c. Divides body or organ into superior and inferior sections. Transverse d.Divides body into right and left elves. Stagiest e. Which planes when passed through the body would result in two sections, with each section containing a piece of the heart and a piece of each lung? Oblique 9. Match each directional term on the left with the correct description on the right. _g_3. _J_6. Anterior lateral proximal inferior posterior medial distal superficial superior e_10. Deep a. To the side b. Away from a point of attachment c. Close to the body surface d. Front e. Away from the body surface f. Above, on top of toward a point of attachment g. H. Below, a lower level I. Back J. Toward the middle 10.

Authentication

In addition, enhanced computer network defense (CNN) capabilities will enable DoD to teeter anticipate and prevent successful attacks on data and networks. IT procurements, coupled with the relatively low cost of IT hardware, make it possible for many entities within DoD to purchase and operate their own computing infrastructure. As a result, the DoD information environment is overly complex and susceptible to exploitation through these myriad devices, systems, and standards by malicious actors intent on causing harm to national interests.Consolidation will better enable secure mission-driven access to information and services, rendering DoD information securely accessible to all who need it and are authorized access to it. Deploying an enterprise identity, authentication, authorization, and access management service will extend security protection from the network to the data on the network, providing security controls to better enable secure information sharing.Commanders will have access to information available from all DoD resources, enabling improved command and control (CO), increasing speed of action, and enhancing the ability to coordinate across organizational boundaries or with mission partners. Individual service members and government civilians will be provided with a standard IT user experience, enabling them to do their jobs and providing them with the same look, feel, and access to information on reassignment, manipulation, or deployment. . Develop a plan to audit the three identified frameworks for compliance. Centrally manage and restrict the diversity of -?server (development and operational) platforms used throughout DoD and require all commodity hardware (e. G. , servers, server operating systems, and storage area networks) to be purchased through a limited number of consolidated contracts that leverage economies of scale to reduce total cost to the enterprise.Improve Weber security situational awareness and command and control Establish pr ocesses for granting access to networks and systems access using validated cryptographic identity credentials Detect -?anomalous behavioral inside DoD networks (e. G. , malicious software, unauthorized data movement) Establish a Core Computing infrastructure that will provide assured and ubiquitous access to vital enterprise services.Manage configurations and automate compliance monitoring and enforcement Reduce or eliminate the need to manually download information onto removable media to move it to another security domain Streamline certification and accreditation Establish processes and develop capabilities to protect and defend DoD networks as a single information environment Virtual networks were layered on top of physical networks and independent access control approaches were developed as organizations worked to protect their systems and networks.

Carolines Real Bread Company SWOT Analysis

Caroline’s Real Bread Company are a small village bakery who produce and sell a variety of niche breads to cater for specific needs. Emphasis is placed on high-quality, fresh organic products. Their products are sold through their website, farmers markets, food festivals and other outlets. They also provide bread for specialist restaurants and cafe’s. This report provides an analysis and evaluation of the current state of the grocery market, and provides recommendations on the possible actions that should be undertaken for Caroline’s Real Bread Company to expend and take advantage of the current state of the industry. Methods of analysis used in this report include PEST analysis which analyses the external factors effecting companies operating within the grocery market, and SWOT analysis which is a method used to assess the strengths and weaknesses of a company, and the opportunities and threats that are currently presented to them. This research draws attention to the fact that grocery retailers have changed during the past few years in order to react to customer demand. As a result of technological advantages, the demand for convenience is increasing and all major supermarkets now sell their products online. Further research has shown that the market size for fresh organic bread is increasing, and is forecasted to increase even further in the future. The growth of the market size of their products can be attributed to two things. The increase in health awareness amongst consumers who are slowly becoming more conscious of the foods they eat due to a growth in political campaigns alongside new food labelling laws, and the increase in demand for gluten free bread as a result of a steady increase in the amount of gluten intolerant people in the UK. The store competes in an expanding, competitive niche market. It has steadily grown whilst staying true to the ideologies behind it, resulting in Caroline and her company winning many awards. We recommend that the next step that Caroline’s should take is to expand their production capacity in order to take advantage of their distribution channels already in place. They should also refrain from distributing to large supermarkets who do not share their beliefs in order to keep their unique selling point and maintain their current customer base. Instead, they should aim to increase online orders through increased marketing and promotions. We suggest they should get involved in social media in order to increase awareness of their wide variety of products, and to generate more traffic to their website. Due to their limited budget, Caroline’s Real Bread Company should directly target those with special dietary needs as the niche is expanding and these are the customers most likely to buy their products. This could bring opportunities for them to increase their number of deliveries across the UK. The report also investigates the fact that the research conducted has some limitations. Some of the limitations include the fact that secondary data has been used, and that our recommendations assume that the state of the UK economy will not severely worsen in the near future. 2. Introduction and Aims Caroline’s Real Bread Company is a small bakery in Mid/South Wales since 1992. It has two partners Nigel Devlin and Caroline Frampton. Caroline is the baker and Nigel does the accounts. Their products are sold through farmer’s markets, food festivals, local organic box schemes and other outlets. It also supplies restaurants specialist cafes, outside caterers and one off events. Caroline won the Gold Welsh True Taste Awards in 2005 after expanding her business. They offer over 30 varieties of bread which are wheat-free and yeast free. In recent years they have been trying to expand themselves through technology, through online orders which can be collected from in-store or delivered (Carolinesbreadcompany, 2013). The aims of this report are to outline the Political, Economic, Social and Technological issues that impact the Grocery Market Environment. The Product specific market will be explored through a SWOT analysis. The report will highlight the recommendations to Caroline concerning her company and its current position in the market. 3. The Grocery Market 3. 1 Political The government launched an advertising campaign in early 2013 to promote healthier eating habits in the UK (BBC 2013). The main aim of this campaign is to increase the awareness of â€Å"hidden nasties† such as fat and sugar in popular foods. This campaign is the latest in a long line of government aided movements in order to increase health awareness in the UK, some examples of others being change4life and 5 A Day. This latest movement shows that healthy eating is high on the agenda of the current government. The government are under pressure to introduce new legislation to reduce the salt content in foods. The coalition is currently working with the industry, through the ‘Responsibility Deal’, to improve food content and labelling (Department of Health, 2013); however they are being challenged by labour to scrap this voluntary approach and to introduce tougher regulation and legislation in fighting foods high in fat, salt and sugar. One proposition includes a 30% cap on sugar content in cereals aimed at children. The on-going debates and propositions are increasing public awareness of healthy eating habits which benefit specialist local producers such as Caroline’s Real Bread Company. According to new government rules, the UK’s food industry will be required to include clearer information regarding the ingredients on product packaging from summer 2013 (FSA 2013). The new arrangement is front of pack labelling that combines the food content with the guideline daily amounts, showing consumers the percentage of their daily allowance that they will be consuming with the product. As a result of this, suppliers of foods high in salt, sugar or fat may need to rethink their production process or risk losing customers. This change, combined with the growing healthy eating awareness of the UK will again benefit companies who are producing organic foods with natural ingredients. 3. 2 Economic An increase in interest rates has led to less disposable income which may change their shopping pattern from buying luxury goods to necessities, thus restricting the growth of a company like Caroline’s (Times, 2013) (Keynote, 2012, p. 13). Additionally, a rise in inflation would increase the price of any grocery product, resulting in lack of growth in the overall market (Gurdian, 2012). Adverse weather conditions in Europe had a negative effect on wheat supplies, thus increasing the cost of wheat (Keynote, 2012, p. 11) (Julia Glotz, 2011). Retailers can either let their profits decrease, or raise their prices and risk losing customers, to combat this rise (Keynote, 2012, p. 33). The price of flour has also risen, by ? 75/tonne (Gyton, 2012). In recession, most companies face decreased revenue. As this particular business is more focused on providing good quality products, they charge more than supermarkets would, again resulting in a change in consumer spending habits. It has been noted (Keynote, 2012, p. 16) that people are spending over 30% more on bread but this is solely due to the rising price of bread – consumption is in decline. Corporate taxation has fallen; this provides businesses with a better financial environment in which to expand (PwC, 2011). 3. 3 Social Due to the worsening economy, consumers have increasingly attempted to recreate the restaurant experience in their own homes; thus the sales of speciality breads have increased (Keynote, 2012, p. 10). The market share for specialist breads is currently roughly 30% and it is thought that these breads are acting as replacements for the more expensive premium breads (Keynote, 2012, p. 25). Foreign breads have also increased in popularity, creating a niche (Keynote, 2012, p. 32) which could save craft bakeries that are now at risk due to the growth of the supermarket in-store alternatives (Keynote, 2012, p. 33). White bread sales are beginning to decline as consumers become increasingly health-conscious (Keynote, 2012, p. 32) and switch to brown, wholemeal, and ‘best-of-both’ type breads. These, and foreign breads, are more expensive than conventional loaves leaving retailers with the potential for greater profits. It is expected that part-baked white breads will keep white bread sales from dropping too severely (Keynote, 2012, p. 41). There are three major bakers, Warbutons covers a range of qualities while Associated British Foods and British Bakeries both have a high and a low end bread product (Mother’s Pride, Hovis and Sunblest, Kingsmill respectively). The low end products are targeting people who shop for everyday value. The premium loaves are often purchased by those looking for quality rather than value. Warburtons is the most direct competitor for small village bakeries due to the broadness of budgets it caters for and the range of qualities it produces. Small village bakers tend to hold monopolies as the villages for which they cater are often remote and without other stores. Caroline’s Real Bread Company is located in Merthyr Cynog, a village six miles from the nearest town (Brecon) and stores (Google, 2013). It is over four miles from the village to the nearest bus stop from which there is a mere thrice-daily service (Sirgarfyrddin. gov. uk, 2013), so the village is isolated and the baker has a monopoly. 3. 4 Technological Businesses use ecommerce and social media such as Facebook and Twitter to reach a wider audience. This can be used for advertising and to collect feedback from the customer, for example: Tesco has made a Facebook page where they get connected with bigger audience where they post offers of their products and gain feedback from consumers. They are targeting a wider audience, separating themselves from the norms of company (Tesco, 2013). Development in technology also means the reduction in first hand skills. Skilled workers have been replaced by technology, improving efficiency and productivity. In 2011, British Food Plc was investing millions in upgrading its baking business by installing new equipments. Thus modernising its production pattern, improving efficiency and reducing production costs (Keynote, 2012). Premier Foods has increased automation and thus laid off workers to cut costs (Edwards, 2013) after their profits fell by 48% in 2012 (Edwards, 2013). Hovis used to have the concept of using only British wheat as their unique selling point, due to a plummet in profits they have had to abandon this and redesign their packaging, to survive (Edwards, 2013) showing how challenging the bakery sector is today. 4. Description of Product Specific Market The main competitors for Caroline’s Bread Company are supermarkets, bakeries and in-store bakeries. Bread retailers have faced increasing competition over the past few years due to new entrants in the market who believe they can make a profit. The main competitors are supermarkets and convenience stores who now have in-store bakeries making them a one-stop-shop. They can further their influence by having freshly baked products in their petrol stations, increasing convenience. Supermarkets will invest in their bakeries to provide a quick, easy and fitting shopping experience (SmartCompany, 2012) as a result revenue should rise. The increasing price of wheat and fluctuations in household income due to the economic crisis has caused demand and preferences to change, leading to consumers becoming more aware of the products they buy. The main consumers targeted are a small but expanding segment of the niche market. To combat the growth of competition, more innovative loaves and marketing campaigns are needed to increase brand awareness. Caroline offers courses that cement her brand ethic of fresh organic produce making consumers aware of the health benefits associated with eating wholegrain, rye and gluten free breads. Consumers who prefer quality produce, and are concerned with chemical additives, will benefit from Caroline’s speciality breads. By carefully geographically selecting her location and creating her brand to suit this, Caroline is maximising her brand exposure to the local market encouraging a loyal customer base. The main trend in the market that Caroline specialises in is the emphasis of healthy living. This enhances her opportunity to break into the catering market and supply her products to people for special occasions offered on her website. By displaying her products without packaging she adheres to the attractive product presentation that many customers desire with their organic purchases (SmartCompany, 2012). Consumers would find this appealing as there would be enough different varieties to appeal to various customers, which expands her segmentation and increases her client base. 4. 1 Strengths As a dietary staple and a cemented establishment, bread is a necessity. Caroline’s business is versatile and consumer-centric. Her company suffered losses due to under developed management skills (Guardian, 2006) but the company soon recovered and studied business management elements to become a recognised bread company. Caroline’s company has taken product innovation and expanded this to their benefit. To avoid high salt levels she ensures only organic ingredients are used, keeping salt to a minimum (Caroline’s real bread company, 2013) as 80% of UK bread is processed (LoveFood. com, 2013). Alongside organic, the company specialises in making rye and soda breads as well as gluten free and yeast free products in order to cater to precise dietary needs. These can be delivered freshly door to door via the delivery service. The company also supplies local restaurants and caterers with various breads (Caroline’s real bread company,2013). This efficiency, versatility and product care linked with their customers specific detailing alongside their expanding availability of products enlarges their segment of the bread market from local people to people that may live further away as well as those that may not have considered the purchase of organic foods before but would now as they can buy into the ideals behind organic foods. 4. 2 Weaknesses With the bread market being dominated by branded products such as ‘Hovis’ and ‘Kingsmill’, it is difficult for a business so small to penetrate this market. Many consumers are unwilling to pay extra for organic bread. Competition between craft bakeries, such as Caroline’s, and supermarkets is fierce and harsh to penetrate due to the brand association and prices (Keynote, 2012). Due to the entrenched ideological beliefs that are indoctrinated into Caroline’s real bread company, the company is restricted to a small segment of the bread market. Caroline’s is restricted to those who believe in the organic wellbeing and are willing to pay extra for it. The company produces their bread so that it can be frozen for individuals who purchase in bulk (Caroline’s real bread company, 2013) to avoid waste, however this was not their intention for the businesses they were supplying. Nigel reports â€Å"we started supplying a local specialist food shop; selling the bread at just over cost price it later turned out that the shop was freezing the bread, undermining the whole premise of the bread company† (Guardian, 2006) in turn losing a customer and revenue as an effect. Due to their target market being so limited, their market segmentation is smaller than other brands that produce and promote to all customer types. A downside to bread is the shelf life is short for mass produced bread, and even shorter for freshly baked bread, resulting in 1 million loaves of bread being thrown away (Keynote, 2012). This becomes a further disadvantage for a small business such as Caroline’s real bread company. 4. 3 Opportunities There has been an increasing demand for healthier bread and bakery products in the UK economy due to healthy living becoming a more significant factor in people’s everyday lives. Larger bread companies will already be aware of this and will have targeted products towards this; however Caroline’s company is unique in that all products are completely healthy and have already targeted their products. This company has exclusive principles unlike larger suppliers (eg Hovis) who use bulking agents to increase the shelf life of their products, and are completely against using anything that isn’t natural or fresh. On their website it says ‘our business ­ is about producing products that meet the needs of those small but growing numbers of customers who demand only the finest quality food’ (carolinesrealbreadcompany. co. uk) which shows that the quality of their products is more important than quantity. This is a perfect opportunity for Caroline’s bread company to expand and grow due to the higher demand in the products that they already offer. As there is already an increasing demand for healthier bread products, there are also an increasing number of consumers who are adopting a gluten-free diet which is pushing up the demand for these products. Caroline’s offers over 30 different varieties of bread and already offer wheat-free bread so this is another opportunity for them to break into a new market and expand their customer base. They already offer gluten free and yeast free products so it wouldn’t cost them anything more to produce these products, it would just benefit their company due to a higher demand. 4. 4 Threats The increasing niche for freshly baked produce has created further competition by supermarkets against craft bakeries matching quality for less. Consumer perceptions are stimulated through the sensory system of smell. This could result in a change of brand loyalty once people realise that freshly made products could be purchased in similar quantities for less money. Although the ‘Real Bread Campaign’ has disclosed that only Marks and Spencer out of all big supermarkets actually make their bread from scratch and even then not all of it is freshly made from scratch. These companies use the sensory perception to lure in customers from independent bakeries (LoveFood. com, 2013). According to ‘Keynote’, craft businesses are dying out in favour of in-store bakeries (Keynote, 2012) due to their parallel innovation of fresh products. Part-baked and specialised breads, e. g. half and half, dietary, brown, are now being produced by Tesco (Tesco, 2013) and other supermarkets. ‘Food prices are expected to rise after the second wettest summer on record’ (Guardian) which has resulted in a poor harvest leading to an increasing price of grain hence an increase in food prices. The National Farmers Union (NFU) reported that wheat yields in England are down by almost 15% which has added to already been rising prices caused by a heat wave in Russia that destroyed a large majority of their crops. Richard Dodd of the British Retail Consortium said: â€Å"The most recent figures are that wheat prices are up 29% compared with a year ago† (Guardian 2012). This is a major threat towards Caroline as this rise could result in a fall in profits as it would cost more for them to purchase their supplies. As a small company there will be more of an impact than larger bread companies. However, even ‘Hovis’ (premier foods) are struggling to sell their breads and they are known as the best-selling bread brand (the mirror 2012). They ‘struggled with soaring costs and cut-throat competition’ resulting in them losing its co-op contract to their rival company allied bakeries. 5. Recommendations and Conclusion Our recommendations for ‘Caroline’s Real Bread Company’ are that they should continue to distribute to the grocery market but not to large supermarkets as they do not share her ideological beliefs. As they have enough vans to distribute the products, we recommend that they should expand their production space so they are able to produce more products and try to distribute to places further across the country to establish their brand and attract more customers. In terms of their products there is an increasing demand for speciality breads which supermarkets do not sell many varieties of, so Caroline should see this as a product innovation and her bakery should focus on expanding into this market more. People are now more conscious of healthy lifestyles so we recommend that they should continue to focus on organic, dietary, gluten-free and wheat-free breads to continue to appeal to this expanding niche market. The target consumers for Caroline’s Real Bread Company should continue to be those who favour organic products over products that are not. Her beliefs on organic foods are the foundation of her business ideology and therefore this is unlikely to change. By targeting more directly those with dietary needs, such as gluten and wheat free products as these consumers already pay higher prices in supermarkets than other customers, therefore they may wish to look into Caroline’s company if she promotes these product more vigorously. Promotion can also be carried out by encouraging brand switching, existing consumers to purchase more, raising awareness of the brand and attracting new customers to her brand by trialling new products. This can be carried out by implementing multi-buys and incentives for example free vouchers and gifts. These can be promoted via online social media networks, for example Facebook, Twitter and other forms they will be able to make consumers aware of their brand and ideologies so that they can expand their customer base further. By doing this it can bring opportunities for the company to expand their delivery services to larger regions of the UK. 6. Limitations The majority of the data used was online secondary data. We cannot guarantee the accuracy of information obtained. The report evaluates long term performance; looking so far ahead, economic conditions could change affecting the PEST analysis. For instance, our economic condition could for now be described as recovering from a double-dip recession, so in the near future the economy might be at a better or worst stage of recovery and this would affect the company’s target market. The bread market is constantly evolving and is susceptible to massive changes as a result of crop failures, adverse weather conditions, or the general economic climate. While it was argued that people who no longer go to restaurants due to the cost may now be buying more specialist and foreign breads to compromise, it must be noted that the breads in the restaurant were purchased from somewhere, perhaps even from the same wholesale baker, so this may not affect overall bread sales. What is also worth noting is that Caroline’s Real Bread Company operates within a small isolated community and has a monopoly in the grocery market for that village. This means it most likely has a steady flow of repeat customers, though the company also provides a delivery service and supplies commercial clients. Therefore expansion in their wholesale/commercial supply operations might be more beneficial than the suggested expansion in consumer retail operations due to the limited customer base. Another issue is the approach of the company – Caroline’s Real Bread Company pride themselves on being independent and local, if the desired method of expansion was in any way to threaten these attributes then the expansion would be to the detriment of the company. What must also be noted along these lines is that the bread is currently handmade; the company should consider the ultimate savings of automation against the attraction of handmade bread. The former might lose former clients who chose the brand for their traditional bread, yet it might gain customers looking for more inexpensive bread by a local company.